Teratogenic drugs causing specific syndromes

hello friends today we are going to talk about Teratogenic drugs causing specific syndromes during pregnancy

  • Alcohol: fetal alcohol syndrome—IUGR, midfacial hypoplasia, developmental delay, short palpebral fissures, long philtrum, multiple joint anomalies, cardiac defects

  • Diethylstilbestrol: DES syndrome—T-shaped uterus, vaginal adenosis (with predisposition to vaginal clear cell carcinoma), cervical hood, incompetent cervix, preterm delivery

  • Dilantin: fetal hydantoin syndrome—IUGR, craniofacial dysmorphism (epicanthal folds, depressed nasal bridge, oral clefts), intellectual disability, microcephaly, nail hypoplasia, heart defects

  • Isotretinoin (Accutane): congenital deafness, microtia, CNS defects, congenital heart defects.

  • Lithium: Ebstein’s anomaly (right heart defect)

  • Streptomycin: VIII nerve damage, hearing loss

  • Tetracycline: after fourth month, deciduous teeth discoloration
  •  Thalidomide: phocomelia, limb reduction defects, ear/nasal anomalies, cardiac defects, pyloric or duodenal stenosis

  • Trimethadione: facial dysmorphism (short upturned nose, slanted eyebrows),cardiac defects, IUGR, intellectual disability

  • Valproic acid: neural tube defects (spina bifida), cleft lip, renal defects

  • Warfarin: chondrodysplasia (stippled epiphysis), microcephaly, intellectual disability, optic atrophy
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